
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Elaphe climacophora
The largest snake on mainland Japan, olive with a strong brown cast and four indistinct blackish-brown stripes running from head to tail. Strong keels along the edges of the ventral scales let it hook onto bark and climb vertically. It is non-venomous.
The Japanese rat snake (Elaphe climacophora) is a colubrid of the genus Elaphe found throughout the Japanese archipelago. It measures 100-200 cm with a girth of about 5 cm, making it the largest snake on mainland Japan outside the Ryukyus. Colour varies widely from dark yellowish brown to a dull green, with notably bluish animals in Hokkaido. Most individuals show four indistinct blackish-brown stripes along the back, though some are unstriped. Juveniles are grey with ladder-like brown blotches, thought to mimic the venomous Japanese pit viper. Strong keels along the edges of the ventral scales let it hook onto trunks and branches and climb vertically, which helps it thrive even in urban settings. It is chiefly diurnal. Non-venomous, it constricts larger prey before swallowing, and it swallows eggs whole, breaking them against projections beneath the vertebrae in its oesophagus. It mates in May and June and lays 4-17 eggs in July and August, which hatch in 47-63 days. An albino population around Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture has been designated a national monument since 1924.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The Japanese Rat Snake lives A captive record of 17 years and 7 months.
The Japanese Rat Snake grows to 100-200cm total length, about 5cm in girth.
Origin
The Japanese archipelago and adjacent islands including the Izu, Oki and Tsushima groups, with its southern limit at Kuchinoshima in the Tokara Islands and no populations south of the Amami group, plus Russian-administered Kunashir, in forest, farmland and built-up areas from the lowlands into the hills
Sources: Wikipedia (Japanese) / Wikipedia (English): Japanese rat snake / Reptile Database: Elaphe climacophora
Edited & verified by: BreederDirect editorial team
The taxonomic, regulatory, and husbandry data on this page are compiled and verified against the authoritative primary sources below.
Accepted name: Elaphe climacophora (Boie, 1826)
Synonyms: Coluber climacophorus Boie, 1826, Coluber virgatus Schlegel, 1837, Elaphis virgatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
Authority databases: GBIF · Reptile Database
Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.
Not listed in CITES Appendices (no listing record in Species+). IUCN Red List assessment is Least Concern (LC). This species is not designated as a special animal specified in the Cabinet Order for the Law Concerning the Protection and Management of Animals, nor is it designated as a designated alien species in the Cabinet Order for the Alien Species Act. This species is native to Japan, and collection from the wild may be subject to municipal ordinances or protected area regulations. The albino population in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture was designated as a natural monument in 1924.
Sources: CITES Species+ (species not listed) / IUCN Red List
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
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Lifespan
A captive record of 17 years and 7 months
Size
100-200cm total length, about 5cm in girth
Temperature
25〜32℃
Humidity
40〜70%
Carnivorous: rodents, birds and their eggs, frogs, lizards and shrews
A species native to Japan, it brumates for three to four months in winter. As a temperate snake adapted to the Japanese climate it needs no excessive heating and does well with some seasonal variation. Provide a brumation period if you intend to breed.
A large snake reaching 2 m, it needs enough floor area to lie coiled with room to spare. It is an excellent climber, so add branches or shelves stout enough to carry its weight. Because the keels on its ventral scales let it climb vertical surfaces, secure the lid firmly. Provide hides on both the warm and cool sides and a water container.
It has a broad diet centred on rodents but including birds and their eggs, frogs, lizards and shrews, and it raids nests in trees for eggs and nestlings. In captivity offer frozen-thawed mice and rats sized to the snake. Eggs swallowed whole are broken in the oesophagus and only the contents digested.
Non-venomous and generally placid. When threatened it defends itself by releasing a foul secretion from the cloaca. Captive-bred Japanese animals tame down well and are easy to handle. Snakes can prey on one another regardless of species, so keep it singly. Do not house it with the Amur rat snake, with which it produces fertile hybrids.
Not listed on any CITES appendix. The IUCN assesses it as Least Concern. It appears neither on the schedule of designated dangerous animals under the Order for Enforcement of the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals nor on Japan's list of invasive alien species. As a native Japanese species, collection from the wild may be restricted by local ordinances or by rules covering protected areas. The albino population around Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture has been a designated national monument since 1924 and cannot be collected. Most animals in trade are domestically bred morphs such as albino and striped.
Beginner. This is a beginner-friendly species. No special equipment or experience is required, and it can be kept successfully with basic care setup.
The average lifespan of Japanese Rat Snake is A captive record of 17 years and 7 months. With proper care and nutrition, they can live a long and healthy life.
Japanese Rat Snake typically reaches 100-200cm total length, about 5cm in girth as an adult. Size may vary depending on care conditions and individual genetics.
Japanese Rat Snake feeds on: Carnivorous: rodents, birds and their eggs, frogs, lizards and shrews. Aim for a balanced diet with appropriate feeding frequency.
The price of Japanese Rat Snake varies significantly depending on morph, size, and lineage. Check our market price page for the latest pricing information.
Last updated: September 16, 2026