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Tropical Fish Encyclopedia — 71 Species Directory

Encyclopedia of popular tropical fish species with care guides, traits, and water parameters.

Featured Tropical Fish

Showing 23 of 71 species

African Cichlid

African Cichlid

Intermediate

Colorful cichlids from Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika. Marine-like beauty in freshwater. Active and full of personality.

ColorfulCichlidRocky tank
Angelfish

Angelfish

Intermediate

Iconic triangular silhouette synonymous with tropical fish. Many selectively bred varieties. Pair breeding is rewarding.

ElegantPopularBreedable
Apistogramma

Apistogramma

Intermediate

Small South American cichlid. Males display vivid colors and unique behaviors. Over 100 species available.

Small cichlidColorfulSouth American
Apistogramma Cacatuoides

Apistogramma Cacatuoides

Apistogramma cacatuoides

Intermediate

A dwarf cichlid spreading vivid orange fins. Male fin spreading display is spectacular.

ApistoDwarf cichlidOrange fins

Archer Fish

Intermediate

A fish with amazing hunting behavior, shooting water jets to knock down insects above water.

Archer FishWater jetHunting

Boesemani Rainbowfish

Melanotaenia boesemani

Intermediate

A vivid rainbowfish with blue front half and orange back half. Spectacular when schooling.

BoesemaniTwo-toneRainbow

Celestial Pearl Danio

Danio margaritatus

Intermediate

A tiny fish with jewel-like body scattered with white pearl patterns. A gem for planted tanks.

CPDMicro fishPearl pattern
Chili Rasbora

Chili Rasbora

Boraras brigittae

Intermediate

One of world's smallest freshwater fish turning deep red. Schooling looks like a ruby jewelry box.

ChiliUltra-smallDeep red
Clown Killifish

Clown Killifish

Epiplatys annulatus

Intermediate

An ultra-small killifish with black-yellow stripes and distinctive rocket-shaped tail fin.

ClownKillifishRocket tail

Clown Loach

Clown loach

Intermediate

Beautiful bottom-dweller with orange and black bands. Sleeps on its side — unique behavior. Very active in groups.

Banded patternSleeping sidewaysSchooling
Congo Tetra

Congo Tetra

Phenacogrammus interruptus

Intermediate

A larger tetra that shimmers in iridescent blue, gold, and orange. Males develop flowing, feathery tail fins, making this dazzling schooler the flagship African characin.

SchoolingIridescentAfrica
Dwarf Puffer© en:User:Tsunamicarlos / Public domain

Dwarf Puffer

Pao cochinchinensis

Intermediate

A small freshwater puffer with beautiful leopard pattern. High intelligence, some recognize owners.

LeopardPufferIntelligent

Flowerhorn Cichlid

Intermediate

Large cichlid with massive head hump and vivid coloring. Artificially bred variety. Bonds with owners like a pet.

Large cichlidHead humpBonds with owner
German Blue Ram

German Blue Ram

Mikrogeophagus ramirezi

Intermediate

Jewel-like small cichlid with blue iridescence. Peaceful for community tanks but prefers warm water. Many variants.

Small cichlidJewel-likeWarm water

Glass Catfish

Kryptopterus vitreolus

Intermediate

A unique catfish with transparent body showing visible skeleton. Fantastical appearance when swimming in groups.

Glass CatfishTransparentSchooling
Hatchetfish© Tsunamicarlos / Public domain

Hatchetfish

Intermediate

Distinctive hatchet-shaped body. Surface-dwelling fish that swims just below water line. Jumping risk — lid essential.

Hatchet-shapedSurface fishJumping risk
Killifish

Killifish

Intermediate

Small beautiful fish found worldwide. Males display incredibly vivid colors like gems. Over 1000 species, popular with enthusiasts.

ColorfulSmall beautyEnthusiast
Marble Hatchetfish

Marble Hatchetfish

Carnegiella strigata

Intermediate

Surface fish with distinctive axe (hatchet) -shaped body. 'Flying fish' that glides on water surface flapping pectoral fins like wings. Unique marble pattern and distinctive silhouette make it a striking accent in planted tanks.

TetraSurface fishHatchet
Oscar

Oscar

Astronotus ocellatus

Intermediate

A large cichlid that bonds like a dog. Charming begging behavior makes it the representative pet fish.

OscarPet fishFriendly

Pea Puffer

Carinotetraodon travancoricus

Intermediate

Worlds smallest freshwater pufferfish at 2-3cm. Eats pest snails in tanks. Expressive face and bonds with owners.

Smallest pufferSnail controlExpressive
Polypterus

Polypterus

Intermediate

African ancient fish with dinosaur-like appearance and air-breathing ability. Hardy and long-lived. Nocturnal.

Ancient fishDinosaur-likeHardy

Rummy Nose Tetra

Intermediate

Red nose tip and black-white tail distinctive. Most uniform schooling among tetras. Better water quality means brighter red.

SchoolingRed noseWater indicator
Threadfin Rainbowfish

Threadfin Rainbowfish

Iriatherina werneri

Intermediate

Small rainbowfish with thread-like elongated fins. Each fin extends like thread, with an elegant swaying appearance in water. Ideal for single-species small tanks or as an accent in planted tanks. Prefers gentle water flow.

RainbowfishThread finsElegant

Tropical Fish FAQ

Can beginners keep tropical fish?
Guppies, neon tetras, and corydoras are hardy and perfect for beginners. They can be kept in small tanks, and as long as you manage water temperature, it's relatively easy to get started.
How much do tropical fish cost?
Neon tetras cost 100-300 yen each, guppies 300-2,000 yen, bettas 1,000-10,000 yen, and premium discus 5,000-50,000+ yen depending on the species.
How long do tropical fish live?
Small tetras live 2-5 years, guppies 1-2 years, corydoras 5-10 years, and discus 10+ years, varying greatly by species.
What's the minimum equipment needed?
You'll need a tank, heater, filter, light, and water conditioner at minimum. A 30cm tank can house 5-10 small fish and doesn't take much space.
What should I check when buying tropical fish?
Check for vivid coloring, active swimming, and no signs of disease like ich. After purchase, acclimate carefully and avoid sudden temperature changes.