
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Testudo kleinmanni
At 13.1 cm it is the smallest Mediterranean tortoise. The carapace is pale, usually with darker areas around the scute seams. Habitat loss and collection have reduced it severely and it is listed on CITES Appendix I.
Testudo kleinmanni is the smallest Mediterranean tortoise, with a carapace to 13.1 cm. The shell is domed and broad, pale in colour and usually darker around the seams between scutes, and the plastron often carries one to three wedge-shaped dark marks on each side. Three rows of large scales cover the forelimbs. It lives in desert, grassland and scrub, and aestivates in a burrow through the dry season while remaining active in winter whenever rain brings plant growth. It mates from autumn to spring and lays small clutches of one to three eggs between March and June. Habitat loss from irrigation schemes and overgrazing, together with collection for the pet trade, have caused a steep decline, and the species was placed on CITES Appendix I in 1995. Egyptian animals were traded cheaply and in quantity in the 1980s, but international commercial trade is now prohibited.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The Egyptian Tortoise lives Maximum recorded longevity in captivity is 21 years.
The Egyptian Tortoise grows to Carapace up to 13.1cm.
Origin
Northeastern Egypt, northeastern Libya and southern Israel, in desert, grassland and scrub
Lifespan
Maximum recorded longevity in captivity is 21 years
Size
Carapace up to 13.1cm
Sources: Reptiles Magazine: Egyptian Tortoise Breeding / Wikipedia (Japanese): Egyptian tortoise / Wikipedia (English): Egyptian tortoise / Reptile Database / AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database
Edited & verified by: BreederDirect editorial team
The taxonomic, regulatory, and husbandry data on this page are compiled and verified against the authoritative primary sources below.
Primary sources
Accepted name: Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883
Synonyms: Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883, Testudo leithii Günther, 1869, Testudo werneri Perälä, 2001
Authority databases: Reptile Database
Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.
The Mediterranean tortoise genus was listed in CITES Appendix II at the genus level in 1975, and the tortoise family was listed at the family level in 1977. It was subsequently transferred to Appendix I effective February 16, 1995. It constitutes an internationally rare wild fauna and flora species, and registration certificates for each individual are required for transfer and related transactions. It does not fall under the designated animals listed in the Ordinance for the Enforcement of the Law Concerning the Protection and Management of Animals, nor is it designated as a specified alien species.
Sources: CITES Appendices / Ministry of the Environment: list of invasive alien species / Order for Enforcement of the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals (designated dangerous animals)
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
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Temperature
25〜32℃
Humidity
40〜70%
Grasses, leaves, flowers and tortoise diet
It lives in desert and grassland and aestivates in a burrow through the dry season, so keep it dry. In breeding accounts eggs are incubated at 28-31 C, with lower temperatures believed to produce males and higher ones females.
It is small but digs, so give it substrate deep enough to burrow into. Even for breeding, about 15 cm of substrate is enough, or a separate nesting box can be provided.
Herbivorous: feed grasses, leaves and flowers. It lives on arid-land plants, so build the diet around high-fibre food.
Small and placid, though males pursue females in the breeding season. It is best to keep pairs apart until the female has reached about 13 cm.
The species was covered by the Appendix II listings of the genus Testudo from 1975 and of the family Testudinidae from 1977, and was moved to Appendix I with effect from 16 February 1995. In Japan it is an internationally endangered species and every transfer requires an individual registration certificate. It is neither a designated dangerous animal nor an invasive alien species.
Advanced. This is an advanced-level species. It requires specialized equipment and advanced husbandry skills with precise environmental control.
The average lifespan of Egyptian Tortoise is Maximum recorded longevity in captivity is 21 years. With proper care and nutrition, they can live a long and healthy life.
Egyptian Tortoise typically reaches Carapace up to 13.1cm as an adult. Size may vary depending on care conditions and individual genetics.
Egyptian Tortoise feeds on: Grasses, leaves, flowers and tortoise diet. Aim for a balanced diet with appropriate feeding frequency.
The price of Egyptian Tortoise varies significantly depending on morph, size, and lineage. Check our market price page for the latest pricing information.
Last updated: September 16, 2026