
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Terrapene triunguis
A North American box turtle named for the three toes on each hind foot. The olive or tan shell has little pattern, and males show yellow, red or orange spots on the head and throat.
The three-toed box turtle is an emydid box turtle of the south-central United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas) and the state reptile of Missouri. Its classification is debated: the Reptile Database treats it as the species Terrapene triunguis, others regard it as T. carolina triunguis or place it with T. mexicana, and phylogenetic work suggests it may be better treated as a subspecies of T. carolina. CITES (Species+) includes it under T. carolina. Each hind foot usually has three toes, though four-toed animals occur and may be hybrids with the eastern box turtle. The domed carapace is 13-18 cm long, and its highest point lies farther back than in other box turtles. Shell and limb pattern is usually almost absent, leaving a uniform olive or tan color. The plastron is straw yellow with fewer dark markings, and males often have yellow, red or orange spots on the head and throat. It is an omnivore eating earthworms, insects, snails, slugs, fruit, mushrooms and leaves. In Japan it is available from specialist shops.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The Three-toed Box Turtle grows to Carapace length 13-18 cm.
Origin
South-central United States (Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and others)
Lifespan
Few captive lifespan data (plan for a long-lived pet)
Size
Carapace length 13-18 cm
Temperature
25〜32℃
Edited & verified by: BreederDirect editorial team
The taxonomic, regulatory, and husbandry data on this page are compiled and verified against the authoritative primary sources below.
Accepted name: Terrapene triunguis (Agassiz, 1857)
Synonyms: Cistudo triunguis Agassiz, 1857, Terrapene carolina triunguis (Agassiz, 1857)
Authority databases: GBIF · The Reptile Database: Terrapene triunguis · GBIF: Terrapene triunguis
Nomenclature follows global taxonomic authority databases.
Listed in CITES Appendix II. International trade requires an export permit from the country of origin, but no registration is needed to keep or transfer the animal within Japan. For CITES purposes it falls under Terrapene carolina (the whole genus Terrapene has been in Appendix II since 1995). The Reptile Database treats it as the separate species T. triunguis.
Sources: Species+ (CITES): Terrapene carolina
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
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Humidity
40〜70%
Omnivore (earthworms, insects, snails, fruit, mushrooms, leaves)
In dry weather it digs into leaf litter to conserve moisture, and it soaks for long periods when water is available. Provide damp substrate, leaf litter and a shallow soaking dish.
An omnivore that eats earthworms, insects, snails, slugs, fruit such as strawberries, mushrooms and leafy greens, with a preference for live food.
In the wild it moves seasonally to maintain its preferred humidity and brumates in winter, so seasonal temperature management matters in captivity.
When alarmed it closes its hinged plastron. It is considered one of the box turtles most adaptable to indoor housing.
It hybridizes with eastern box turtles, and four-toed animals may be hybrids, so do not breed it with other box turtles. Never release a captive animal into the wild.
Intermediate. This is an intermediate-level species. Some prior experience and knowledge of environmental management are recommended.
Three-toed Box Turtle typically reaches Carapace length 13-18 cm as an adult. Size may vary depending on care conditions and individual genetics.
Three-toed Box Turtle feeds on: Omnivore (earthworms, insects, snails, fruit, mushrooms, leaves). Aim for a balanced diet with appropriate feeding frequency.
The price of Three-toed Box Turtle varies significantly depending on morph, size, and lineage. Check our market price page for the latest pricing information.
Last updated: September 23, 2026