Periodontal Disease
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About this condition
A chronic disease caused by bacteria in plaque and tartar that leads to inflammation of the gums and tooth-supporting tissues. If left untreated, it can cause tooth loss and bone damage, and is known to affect systemic organs beyond the mouth.
Common symptoms
- Bad breath (strong, unpleasant odor)
- Tartar buildup (teeth appear yellow-brown)
- Redness, swelling, or bleeding of the gums
- Increased drooling
- Reluctance to eat or resistance to having the mouth touched
Common causes
- Plaque accumulation due to insufficient dental care or tooth brushing
- Calcification of plaque into tartar
- Bacterial infection of the gums and periodontal tissues
- Changes in oral environment with aging
- Small breeds are particularly susceptible due to crowded teeth
Prevention (husbandry & daily care)
Daily tooth brushing is the most effective preventive measure. Use a toothbrush and toothpaste designed for dogs and aim to brush daily if possible. If the dog is not accustomed to brushing, starting with finger massage and gradually transitioning to a toothbrush is also effective. Regular oral checkups at a veterinary clinic are also important.
Related species guide
→ Browse the species guide for this animalWhen to see a vet
Consider a vet within a few daysWhat treatment does a vet provide?
A veterinarian will assess the stage of periodontal disease and the condition of the teeth and jawbone through oral examination and X-rays as needed. Scaling (tartar removal) and periodontal pocket treatment under general anesthesia may be performed. Guidance on regular oral care at home will also be provided.
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