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Periodontal Disease

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Dogs

About this condition

A chronic disease caused by bacteria in plaque and tartar that leads to inflammation of the gums and tooth-supporting tissues. If left untreated, it can cause tooth loss and bone damage, and is known to affect systemic organs beyond the mouth.

Common symptoms

  • Bad breath (strong, unpleasant odor)
  • Tartar buildup (teeth appear yellow-brown)
  • Redness, swelling, or bleeding of the gums
  • Increased drooling
  • Reluctance to eat or resistance to having the mouth touched

Common causes

  • Plaque accumulation due to insufficient dental care or tooth brushing
  • Calcification of plaque into tartar
  • Bacterial infection of the gums and periodontal tissues
  • Changes in oral environment with aging
  • Small breeds are particularly susceptible due to crowded teeth

Prevention (husbandry & daily care)

Daily tooth brushing is the most effective preventive measure. Use a toothbrush and toothpaste designed for dogs and aim to brush daily if possible. If the dog is not accustomed to brushing, starting with finger massage and gradually transitioning to a toothbrush is also effective. Regular oral checkups at a veterinary clinic are also important.

Related species guide

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When to see a vet

Consider a vet within a few days

What treatment does a vet provide?

A veterinarian will assess the stage of periodontal disease and the condition of the teeth and jawbone through oral examination and X-rays as needed. Scaling (tartar removal) and periodontal pocket treatment under general anesthesia may be performed. Guidance on regular oral care at home will also be provided.

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