
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Pygocentrus nattereri
A large piranha, silver with a red belly and a single row of sharp triangular teeth in each jaw. Contrary to its reputation it is an opportunistic generalist, but keeping it calls for a very large tank, oversized filtration and great care in handling.
Pygocentrus nattereri is a large piranha found widely in South America and is among the most notorious of all freshwater fishes. FishBase records 50.0cm SL and 3.9kg, giving pH 5.5-7.5, hardness to 20 dH and 23-27C, while Seriously Fish gives 35.0cm SL, 24-28C, pH 5.5-7.5, 2-12 dGH and a base of at least 240 by 90cm. It occupies most habitat types across its range, from main channels and smaller tributaries to oxbows, floodplain lakes and reservoirs. Each jaw carries a single row of sharp triangular teeth used like blades to puncture, tear, chop and crush. It is not, however, an exclusive carnivore but an opportunistic generalist, taking live fishes along with aquatic invertebrates, insects, nuts, seeds and fruit. Attacks on live animals entering the water are very rare and mostly involve accidental bites or fish trapped in shrinking pools during the dry season.
Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The Red-bellied Piranha lives 15+ years.
The Red-bellied Piranha grows to About 35-50cm.
The ideal temperature for the Red-bellied Piranha is 24〜28℃.
Origin
South America (the Amazon basin, plus Guyana and Venezuela, coastal drainages of northeastern Brazil and the Guianas, and south to the Plata system)
Lifespan
Sources: Seriously Fish / FishBase
Edited & verified by: BreederDirect editorial team
The taxonomic, regulatory, and husbandry data on this page are compiled and verified against the authoritative primary sources below.
Domestic law: It is not designated an invasive alien species in Japan. Even so, a fish that can no longer be kept must never be released or abandoned.
Sources: CITES Appendices (species not listed) / IUCN Red List / Ministry of the Environment, list of invasive alien species (Japan)
Regulations may change. Always verify the latest information with the relevant authorities.
Find listings for this species
15+ years
Size
About 35-50cm
Temperature
24〜28℃
Juveniles take bloodworm, small earthworms and chopped prawn; adults take strips of fish, whole prawns, mussels, river shrimp and larger earthworms
Seriously Fish suggests a base of at least 240 by 90cm, about 648 litres at 30cm depth. Some keepers run a bare bottom for ease of maintenance, though gravel or sand serve equally well. Plants may be eaten, especially when the fish spawn, and lighting can be dim or bright. Adults are known to damage submerged equipment, so choose filters with built-in heaters or fit a sturdy heater guard; a sump also answers well.
Seriously Fish gives 24-28C, pH 5.5-7.5 and 2-12 dGH; FishBase gives 23-27C, pH 5.5-7.5 and hardness to 20 dH. The fish produce a great deal of waste, so one or more oversized external filters are considered essential, and 30 to 50 percent of the volume should be changed weekly.
The image of hunting packs applies mainly to juveniles; older fish live in loose groups and establish dominance hierarchies. A single specimen or a group of five or more is therefore recommended, the latter preferred. It does not suit a community: it will attack sick or failing fish and bite chunks from the fins of larger ones.
Offer juveniles bloodworm, small earthworms and chopped prawn, and adults strips of fish flesh, whole prawns, mussels, live river shrimp and larger earthworms. Never feed mammalian or avian meat: some of the lipids cannot be metabolised and may lead to excess fat deposits and even organ degeneration. Feeder fish bring no benefit and carry the risk of disease.
It is noted that plant-eating becomes more pronounced when the fish decide to spawn.
FishBase lists it as IUCN Least Concern and not on the CITES appendices, but classifies it as traumatogenic, that is capable of causing injury, so take great care during water changes or when netting it. It is not on Japan's invasive alien species list, but it must never be released or abandoned. Given its size and the demands of its housing, settle in advance where it would go if you could no longer keep it.
Advanced. This is an advanced-level species. It requires specialized equipment and advanced husbandry skills with precise environmental control.
The ideal temperature for Red-bellied Piranha is 24〜28℃. Avoid sudden temperature changes and maintain a stable environment.
The average lifespan of Red-bellied Piranha is 15+ years. With proper care and nutrition, they can live a long and healthy life.
Red-bellied Piranha typically reaches About 35-50cm as an adult. Size may vary depending on care conditions and individual genetics.
Red-bellied Piranha feeds on: Juveniles take bloodworm, small earthworms and chopped prawn; adults take strips of fish, whole prawns, mussels, river shrimp and larger earthworms. Aim for a balanced diet with appropriate feeding frequency.
The price of Red-bellied Piranha varies significantly depending on morph, size, and lineage. Check our market price page for the latest pricing information.
Last updated: September 17, 2026