Complete Guide to Raising Dachshunds | Intervertebral Disc Disease, Diet, Exercise, and Coat Care

Dachshund Characteristics and Basic Information

The Dachshund is a German hunting dog that, true to its name meaning "badger dog," was selectively bred with a long body and short legs specifically for badger hunting in underground burrows. Today, Dachshunds are beloved pets worldwide and remain consistently popular in Japan.

Basic Data

• Weight: Standard 7–14 kg, Miniature 5 kg or under
• Height: Standard approximately 35 cm, Miniature approximately 23 cm
• Lifespan: 12–16 years (longer with proper care)
• Coat Types: Smooth, Long, and Wire (three varieties)
• Temperament: Curious, stubborn, playful, affectionate

Dachshunds are exceptionally active and intelligent dogs that can learn various tricks with training. However, they also possess strong independence and stubbornness, so training requires patience and consistency.

The Primary Risk—Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

The most important health knowledge for Dachshund owners concerns Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Due to their long body and short legs, the spine bears considerable stress, making Dachshunds one of the highest-risk dog breeds for IVDD.

Signs of IVDD

• Pain when touching the back or neck; yelping when lifted
• Hind legs wobbling or abnormal gait
• Reluctance to climb or descend stairs
• Paralysis of front or hind legs (in severe cases)

Prevention and Daily Care

1. Restrict jumping down and jumping up: Jumping off couches or from heights puts significant impact stress on the spine. Install ramps or dog steps.

2. Maintain ideal weight: Obesity dramatically increases spinal load. Monitor weight monthly and maintain a body condition where ribs are easily felt but not visible.

3. Core training: Exercises using balance boards or gentle incline walking strengthen muscles around the spine.

4. Regular veterinary checkups: Dogs aged 4 and older should receive orthopedic checks at least once yearly. Early MRI diagnosis of symptoms significantly improves recovery rates.

5. Genetic testing (recommended for FCI-registered breeders): Testing for FGF4 gene mutations related to CDDY/IVDD risk is available. Request breeders provide testing results before purchase.

Grooming by Coat Type

Smooth Coat

The easiest coat type to maintain among the three.

• Brushing: Once or twice weekly with a rubber brush or slicker brush is sufficient
• Bathing: Once or twice monthly
• Important: Check the ear interior regularly; droopy ears have poor ventilation and are prone to ear infections

Long Coat

Characterized by silky long hair but prone to matting and requires regular maintenance.

• Brushing: Three to four times weekly using a slicker brush and comb, paying special attention to ears, belly, and leg hair
• Bathing: Once or twice monthly
• Trimming: Regularly trim hair around ears, paw pads, and rear with clippers or scissors

Wire Coat

Wire coat is coarse and wiry with a distinctive beard that is its charm.

• Brushing: Two to three times weekly with a slicker brush
• Stripping: Professional groomer stripping (hand-plucking technique) twice yearly maintains coat quality
• Bathing: Approximately once monthly

Diet Management and Ideal Weight

Dachshunds have hearty appetites and are prone to obesity. Weight management is extremely important from the perspective of preventing intervertebral disc disease.

Feeding Guidelines

Use amounts listed on commercial dog food as a reference, but prioritize maintaining ideal body condition (BCS 3/5).

Ideal Body Condition Check (Body Condition Score)

• Ribs not visible but easily felt by hand
• Visible waist definition when viewed from above
• Slightly tucked abdomen when viewed from the side

Dietary Considerations

• Feed twice daily: Eating large amounts at once increases digestive stress
• Choose joint and disc-support formulas: Foods containing glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids help maintain joint health
• Watch for food allergies: Dachshunds are prone to skin problems (allergic dermatitis), and some individuals are allergic to specific proteins like chicken or wheat

Exercise and Mental Stimulation

Dachshunds are energetic and require more exercise than many owners realize.

Daily Exercise Targets

• Walking: 30–60 minutes daily (split into two sessions). Avoid steep inclines or vigorous jumping
• Indoor play: Provide mental stimulation through nose work, tug-of-war, and puzzle toys

However, considering IVDD risk, minimize intense vertical movements (jumping) and emphasize horizontal movements such as leisurely walks and swimming.

Preventing Excessive Barking and Problem Behaviors

Dachshunds are prone to excessive barking and may bark continuously when alone due to separation anxiety. Crate training and socialization during puppyhood are essential.

Common Health Conditions

In addition to intervertebral disc disease, Dachshunds are prone to the following conditions:

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A hereditary eye disease causing gradual vision loss. Requires special attention in Miniature Dachshunds
• Ear Infection (Otitis Externa): Droopy ears trap moisture, promoting infections; monthly ear cleaning provides effective prevention
• Cushing's Syndrome (Hyperadrenocorticism): More common in middle-aged and senior dogs; symptoms include excessive drinking and urination, abdominal bloating, and hair loss
• Hypothyroidism: Characterized by weight gain, loss of energy, and coat changes

Summary—How to Help Your Dachshund Live a Long Life

Dachshunds remain a beloved breed due to their adorable appearance and lively personality. However, they carry the risk of intervertebral disc disease, and daily weight management, environmental modifications, and regular health checkups are key to longevity.

The essential points are:

1. Prevent obesity and maintain ideal weight
2. Restrict stair climbing and use ramps
3. Continue regular grooming suited to coat type
4. Aim for early detection through annual health examinations

With proper management and affection, your Dachshund can be a lifelong companion for 14–16 years.