Importing Live Animals and Plants from Abroad — CITES, Quarantine, and Shipping Basics

There are many rare organisms and plants overseas that are difficult to obtain domestically in Japan. However, importing organisms and plants from overseas involves numerous hurdles, including regulations based on international treaties and domestic laws, quarantine procedures, and special transportation requirements. This article explains the basic knowledge that individuals should understand when importing organisms and plants from overseas.

Basics of CITES (Washington Convention)

CITES (Cites) is the abbreviated name for "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora," which is a treaty that regulates international trade in wild animals and plants. Approximately 184 countries are parties to it, and the target species are classified into three appendices. Appendix I is the strictest regulation, where commercial trade is prohibited in principle, and includes species such as gorillas and orangutans. Appendix II allows commercial trade, but requires an export permit from the exporting country. Many reptiles, amphibians, corals, orchids, and similar species fall into this category. Appendix III includes species designated by specific countries for their own conservation, and an export permit from the country of origin is required. You can check whether the organisms or plants you are considering purchasing are CITES-listed species on the websites of the Ministry of the Environment or the CITES Secretariat. Importing CITES-listed species without permission is subject to penalties as a violation of tariff law or the Species Conservation Law.

Quarantine Procedures

When importing organisms or plants, you must comply with Japan's quarantine system. For animals, quarantine is conducted based on the Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Prevention Law and the Rabies Prevention Law. Dogs and cats are subject to particularly strict quarantine, and in some cases may require a 180-day quarantine period. Reptiles and amphibians usually involve relatively simple procedures, but may require a health certificate in some cases. Fish are generally exempt from quarantine, but import restrictions may be imposed if certain diseases are confirmed. For plants, import inspections are mandatory under the Plant Protection Law. Plants with soil attached are generally prohibited from importation and must be in a bare-root state after root washing. Obtaining a Phytosanitary Certificate from the exporting country is also necessary. If pests or diseases are detected during quarantine, disinfection, incineration, or return will be carried out.

Transportation Methods and Precautions