A colorful and diverse marine fish group. Sleeps buried in sand and also serves as a tank cleaner.
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The family Labridae (wrasses) encompasses over 600 species inhabiting shallow tropical and subtropical seas worldwide, making it one of the most species-rich and colorful families in the marine aquarium hobby. Color patterns differ dramatically between juveniles, females, and males—many species undergo striking sex-change transitions accompanied by brilliant shifts to blue, green, red, or purple hues. Wrasses have a characteristic elongated, fusiform body and a distinctive rowing swimming style using their pectoral fins. Their temperament is typically bold and curious; settled individuals often interact with their keepers. Most species lean toward carnivory, with several well-known "cleaner" wrasses consuming parasites and small crustaceans in the wild. The instinct to burrow into sand at night—an anti-predator behavior retained from the wild—is one of the most captivating aspects of keeping wrasses and is a delight to observe in a home aquarium. Given suitable conditions, wrasses are relatively hardy and long-lived, making them a popular choice for hobbyists venturing into the marine fishkeeping world.
1Sand-Diving Behavior
Most wrasses bury themselves in sand at night or when startled, so a fine coral sand bed of at least 5 cm deep is essential. Without adequate substrate they may become stressed and refuse to eat. It is normal for newly introduced wrasses to remain hidden in the sand for several days.
2Escape-Proof the Tank
Wrasses are powerful swimmers and notorious jumpers, especially when startled. A tight-fitting lid with no gaps around cables or pipes is essential to prevent fatal escape accidents. Securing the aquarium cover is one of the most important steps before introducing any wrasse.
3Choosing Tank Mates
Wrasses can be territorial toward their own and related species, so carefully consider species and gender combinations when keeping multiple wrasses together. Small shrimp and other crustaceans are often viewed as prey and are generally not safe tank mates. Pairing wrasses with peaceful, medium-sized fish tends to work best.
4Feeding and Diet
Wrasses are predominantly carnivorous, feeding on worms, crustaceans, and small fish in the wild. Transitioning them to frozen mysis, brine shrimp, and high-quality pellets is key to long-term success. Feed two to three small portions daily, removing any uneaten food promptly.
5Water Quality Management
Maintain salinity at 1.023–1.025, water temperature between 24–26°C, and keep nitrates as low as possible, as with most marine fish. Some wrasse species are moderately sensitive to declining water quality, making regular water changes and proper filtration essential. Pay special attention to avoiding sudden parameter shifts during the acclimation period.
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6Sex-Changing Species
Many wrasse species are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning they change from female to male as they mature or in response to social hierarchy. The dominant individual in a group often transitions to male, so do not assume fixed sexes in a pair or group. This sex-changing behavior is a normal biological trait, not a sign of illness.
7Tank Size and Initial Costs
Even smaller wrasse species (8–10 cm) are best kept in a tank of at least 60 cm, as they are active swimmers that need room to roam. Initial setup costs for a complete marine system, including tank, filtration, lighting, salt mix, and hydrometer, typically range from roughly 30,000 to 100,000 yen. Wrasse prices vary widely by species, from a few hundred to tens of thousands of yen.
