
Iconic triangular silhouette synonymous with tropical fish. Many selectively bred varieties. Pair breeding is rewarding.
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Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) are cichlids native to the Amazon River basin in South America. Their distinctive diamond-shaped body — thought to mimic drifting leaves in the wild — combined with elegantly extended dorsal and ventral fins has earned them the nickname "Queen of Tropical Fish." Introduced to Europe in the 1920s, selective breeding over the following century has produced a wide array of varieties including gold, marble, smoke, and lace. Angelfish are generally intelligent and even-tempered, often learning to recognize their keeper and swimming up at feeding time. Their breeding behavior is particularly engaging: bonded pairs actively guard their eggs and tend to their fry, offering a glimpse into sophisticated parental instincts rare among aquarium fish. Whether as a centerpiece in a planted aquascape or as part of a community tank, angelfish reward patient keepers with both beauty and personality.
1Tank Size: 60cm or Larger
Angelfish grow tall vertically, so a tank of at least 60cm is recommended. Adult fish can reach a body height of around 15cm, so choosing a taller tank allows them to swim comfortably. Overcrowding can cause stress and increase the risk of disease.
2Ideal Water Temp: 26–28°C
Originating from the Amazon basin, angelfish prefer warm, soft water. Keeping the temperature stable at 26–28°C helps them stay in good condition. Sudden temperature changes can cause health issues, so use a heater and thermostat to maintain consistency.
3Choose Tankmates Carefully
Angelfish are generally peaceful, but they may prey on small fish such as neon tetras that fit in their mouth. Pairing them with fin-nipping species like guppies can also cause problems. Compatible mid-sized, peaceful fish make the safest tankmates.
4Territorial During Breeding
Once a pair bonds, angelfish become territorial around their spawning site and may aggressively chase other fish. Moving the pair to a separate tank when breeding improves fry survival rates. They typically spawn on driftwood or the surface of broad-leaved plants.
5Watch for Digestive Issues
In addition to ich, angelfish are relatively prone to digestive issues such as dropsy and enteritis. Overfeeding live foods like frozen bloodworms can lead to digestive problems, so manage portion sizes and feeding frequency carefully. Regular water changes, about once a week, help prevent water quality from triggering illness.
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Care difficulty, lifespan, size and diet — all basics covered.
6Offer a Varied Diet
Angelfish are omnivores. A staple of flake or pellet food supplemented a few times a week with frozen brine shrimp or bloodworms provides a balanced diet. Feed twice daily in amounts they can consume within 3–5 minutes, and promptly remove any uneaten food to maintain water quality.
7Initial and Ongoing Costs
Initial setup costs for a 60cm tank, filter, heater, and lighting typically range from 10,000 to 30,000 yen. Common angelfish varieties are available from a few hundred to a few thousand yen, while rare morphs can cost more. Monthly running costs for electricity, consumables, and food are generally around 2,000–5,000 yen.