Snuffles (Pasteurellosis)

About this condition

A chronic upper respiratory infection in rabbits caused primarily by Pasteurella multocida, characterized by nasal discharge and sneezing. Many rabbits carry the bacterium asymptomatically; symptoms may emerge when immunity is weakened by stress or illness.

Common symptoms

• Persistent sneezing and nasal discharge
• White to yellow purulent nasal secretion
• Soiled inner forelegs from wiping the nose
• Changes in breathing sounds

Common causes

• Bacterial infection (primarily Pasteurella multocida)
• Weakened immunity due to stress
• Contact with a carrier rabbit
• Unhygienic living environment

Prevention (husbandry & daily care)

Quarantine newly acquired rabbits in a separate enclosure for an observation period before housing together. Keep the living environment clean and well-ventilated to limit bacterial growth. Minimizing stress and ensuring a nutritionally balanced diet with adequate hay intake supports immune health and reduces the risk of disease emergence. Note that the causative bacteria can also infect humans, so if you are bitten or scratched, wash the wound thoroughly and consult a doctor if swelling or fever develops.

Related species guide

When to see a vet

What treatment does a vet provide?

A veterinarian will examine the nasal passages and may perform culture and sensitivity testing to identify the causative organism and appropriate antibiotic. When eradication is difficult, a long-term management plan focusing on symptom control and relapse prevention is established.

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