Senior Dog Care Guide — Recognizing Aging Signs & Elderly Dog Nursing

Dog lifespans vary by breed---small dogs average 13-15 years, large dogs 10-12 years. Dogs entering their senior phase (generally 7-8+ years) need care different from their younger years.

Recognizing Signs of Aging

Physical Signs - **Gray hair**: Starts appearing around the muzzle, eyebrows, and paw tips - **Coat changes**: Fur becomes dry and loses its luster - **Weight changes**: Muscle mass loss or metabolism-related weight gain - **Skin changes**: Loss of elasticity

Vision and Hearing Decline - Cataracts (cloudy, white pupils) reduce vision - Difficulty adjusting to light contrasts - Delayed response when called (hearing loss) - Less startled by loud noises

Joint and Mobility Changes - Morning stiffness in joints - Reluctance to climb stairs or navigate steps - Stopping mid-walk - Increased slipping on smooth floors

Internal Organ Changes - Increased water consumption and urination (possible kidney disease or diabetes) - Appetite changes (increase or decrease) - More frequent diarrhea or constipation

Changes assumed to be aging may actually be disease symptoms, so always consult a veterinarian.

Transitioning to Senior Food

When to Switch Small to medium dogs at **8-9 years**; large dogs at **6-7 years**.

Senior Food Characteristics - **Reduced calories**: Prevents obesity as metabolism slows - **Digestible protein**: High-quality animal protein - **Adjusted phosphorus/sodium**: Supports kidney function - **Joint supplements**: Many include glucosamine and chondroitin - **Antioxidants**: Vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene combat oxidative stress

Transition Method Switch gradually over 1-2 weeks (25% new food for 3 days, then 50%, then 75%) to avoid digestive issues.

Environmental Modifications

Non-Slip Flooring Hardwood floors stress senior joints significantly. - **Rugs/mats**: Place non-slip mats along common pathways - **Cork mats**: Soft and shock-absorbing - **Carpet tiles**: Cover large areas; washable - **Dog grip socks/spray**: Short-term solutions

Eliminating Steps - Install ramps or pet stairs for sofa/bed access - Use ramps for indoor level changes - Place low platforms near favorite spots

Bedding - Low-memory-foam beds elevated from cold floors - Wide enough for easy lying down - Positioned away from direct heating/cooling drafts

Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS)

Dogs can develop cognitive dysfunction similar to human dementia, particularly after age 10.

Symptoms (DISHAL Criteria) - **D**isorientation: Getting lost at home, staring at nothing - **I**nteractions: Reduced response to owner, or conversely excessive clinginess - **S**leep: Day-night reversal, increased nighttime vocalization - **H**ouse soiling: Loss of previously learned house training - **A**ctivity: Purposeless circling or nighttime pacing - **L**earning: Forgetting previously known commands

CDS Care - **Maintain routine**: Consistent meal, walk, and sleep times provide security - **Preserve the environment**: Minimize furniture rearrangement - **Continue mental stimulation**: Light scent games support cognitive function - **Night vocalization**: Create safe spaces; consult your vet about supplements or medication - **Regular veterinary visits**: Supplements (DHA, SAMe) or medications (selegiline) may help

Safe Purchasing on Bri-Choku

Planning for the senior years from the start is important. Bri-Choku lets you learn about breed-specific lifespans, aging patterns, and common senior conditions before purchasing.