Three Basic Methods for Propagating Orchids

Orchid propagation methods vary depending on the species. There are three main methods: "division (bulb division)," "keiki (side shoot) removal," and "backbulb cultivation." Selecting the appropriate method is the key to successful propagation.

Division (Bulb Division) — For Cymbidium and Cattleya

Orchids with pseudobulbs (bulbs), such as Cymbidium and Cattleya, can be propagated by division.

Appropriate timing: Best performed after flowering ends and before new growth begins (autumn to winter for Cymbidium, spring for Cattleya).

Procedure: 1. Remove the plant from the pot and carefully remove old soil without damaging the roots 2. Divide with clean scissors or a knife so that each piece has 3-5 or more bulbs (each division must contain at least 3 bulbs) 3. Apply fungicide (such as Daconil) or charcoal powder to the cut surfaces to prevent bacterial infection 4. Plant in fresh pots and keep in shade with minimal disturbance for 1-2 weeks

Important note: Avoid including old or dead bulbs (black bulbs or withering ones). Divide using only healthy bulbs.

Keiki (Side Shoot) Removal — For Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis

Keiki are small shoots that develop from nodes on stems or pseudobulbs. They commonly appear on Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis orchids.

Dendrobium keiki: - Develop from nodes on mature pseudobulbs - Ready to remove when the keiki has developed 2-3 roots (approximately 2-3 cm long) - Detach from the parent bulb with clean scissors and plant in sphagnum moss

Phalaenopsis keiki: - May develop from nodes on flower spikes - Remove once roots appear (2-3 cm long) along with a section of the spike - Plant in sphagnum moss or bark medium

Since keiki inherit the parent plant's genetics exactly, this method is ideal for propagating superior parent plants.

Backbulb Cultivation — For Cattleya and Dendrobium

Backbulbs are the old pseudobulbs left over from division. Instead of discarding them, they can sometimes produce new growth when planted in sphagnum moss or individual pots.

Wrap the removed backbulb in sphagnum moss and plant in a small pot
Place in bright, indirect light and keep the moss consistently moist (avoid direct sun)
New growth may appear after several months (though success is not guaranteed)

Backbulb cultivation is time-consuming but serves as a valuable method for utilizing bulbs from rare varieties.

Post-Division Care

After division, the plant has fewer roots and is vulnerable to heat, strong light, and dryness.

First 2-4 weeks: - Place in bright, indirect light (avoid direct sun) - Water sparingly once the medium is completely dry (watch for root rot) - Do not fertilize (wait until new roots appear)

Signs of recovery: New growth and root development indicate progress. Once new roots reach about 10 cm, you can resume normal care.

Division can be successfully performed by beginners if timing and sanitation are handled properly. Propagating valuable orchids yourself can enhance your collection and provide opportunities for breeder sales.