Palythoa

Palythoa (family Palythoidae) is a genus of colonial hexacorals closely related to Zoanthus, distributed across tropical and subtropical reefs of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic. Large polyps 1–3 cm in diameter incorporate sand grains and detritus into thick, rubbery mats, giving colonies a chunkier appearance than Zoanthus. Colors range from earthy browns and greens to brilliant blues and purples, with fluorescent morphs highly valued by collectors. Care is exceptionally easy; Palythoa adapts to a wide range of lighting (50–250 PAR) and flow conditions. Standard reef parameters (24–27°C, KH 8–11, SG 1.025) are sufficient. Critically, Palythoa may contain palytoxin, one of the most potent biological toxins known—bare-hand contact must be avoided at all times. Fragging is simple, and large colonies can be divided rock-and-all. An ideal coral for beginners despite the handling precaution.

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