Pachypodium Species Guide — Gracilius, Brevicaule, Baronii and More

Pachypodium is a representative genus of caudiciform (tuberous-rooted) plants native to Madagascar and southern Africa. They are characterized by plump tuberous roots and spiny stems, with each variety differing significantly in tree form and flower color. These are captivating plants with high collectibility, and many enthusiasts enjoy collecting multiple varieties.

Gracilis (Pachypodium gracilis)

Gracilis is the most popular variety among Pachypodiums. It is characterized by a spherically swollen tuberous root, with a rounded and charming form that is its main appeal. Native to the central highlands of Madagascar, it grows wild in rocky areas in its native habitat. It produces yellow flowers from spring through autumn, and even during the dormant season, you can enjoy the sculptural beauty of its rounded stem. In cultivation, it is relatively hardy, and grows well with well-draining soil and adequate sunlight. Wild specimens called "wild balls" have a unique elegance, but domestically propagated seedlings have adapted to Japan's climate, offering the advantage of easier cultivation. Seedling-grown plants show individual variation in form, making it enjoyable to select your preferred tree shape.

Brevicaule (Pachypodium brevicaule)

Brevicaule is known by the Japanese name "Ebisu Warai" (Laughing Ebisu), and is characterized by its unique appearance with a flattened tuberous root spreading as if clinging to the ground. It grows wild in the highlands of Madagascar at elevations of 1,200–2,000 meters, and prefers a somewhat cooler environment compared to other Pachypodiums. The sight of vibrant yellow flowers blooming on the upper surface of the tuberous root in spring is quite endearing, making it a popular variety. Cultivation is somewhat challenging among Pachypodiums, with a tendency to be sensitive to excessive moisture and poor ventilation. During summer, manage it in well-ventilated partial shade and water sparingly—this is key. Pay special attention to using a well-draining soil mixture.

Baronii (Pachypodium baronii)

Baronii is known as the only Pachypodium variety that produces red flowers. With a densely spined stem that grows upward and vibrant red to pink flowers at its apex, its appearance is remarkably showy. It grows wild in rocky areas in northern Madagascar, and a subspecies called Winzori is also popular. Winzori is more compact than Baronii and produces even more vivid red flowers. In cultivation, providing sufficient sunlight is essential for flowering; insufficient light makes flower buds difficult to form. Cold hardiness is moderate among Pachypodiums—maintain temperatures above 10°C during winter.

Lameri and Horombense

Lameri is the most common Pachypodium in Madagascar, characterized by an upright-growing stem. It grows large, reaching several meters in its native habitat. Being hardy with rapid growth, it is ideal for Pachypodium beginners. It produces white flowers and is also called "Madagascar Palm" for its appearance. Horombense originates from southern Madagascar and is valued for its tree form with a greatly swollen base and branching at the upper portion. The silvery-white skin of its stem is beautiful, and its elegance increases as it grows. It produces numerous white flowers and is a variety where seed propagation is relatively easy.

Choosing Pachypodium at Br-choku

At Br-choku, you can purchase various Pachypodium varieties directly from specialist breeders. Specimens carefully cultivated from domestic seed propagation come already rooted, so you can begin cultivation with confidence. You can also ask breeders questions about cultivation differences between varieties and the expected future tree form of seedling specimens. Whether you're looking for a round Gracilis specimen or seeking a rare flowering Baronii plant, check out the breeder listings on Br-choku. Since photos of individual specimens are posted, you can select and purchase specimens matching your preferred tree form.