A clear guide to the key terms used in bonsai growing and buying
The overall shape of a bonsai tree. There are basic styles such as formal upright, informal upright, slanting, cascade, and literati. The tree is shaped to express a natural landscape within a small pot.
A fundamental bonsai style where the trunk grows straight upward. Common in conifers like cedar and cypress. A natural taper from the base to the apex is essential.
A style where the trunk curves gently from side to side while growing upward. It is the most common bonsai style and closely resembles trees in nature. The beauty of curves and branch placement is key.
A style where the trunk droops below the rim of the pot, mimicking trees on cliff edges. It is planted in a deep pot. A full cascade extends below the pot bottom, while a semi-cascade stops partway.
A technique of wrapping aluminum or copper wire around the trunk and branches to shape them. It is a fundamental bonsai skill applied during the growing season and removed after several months. Care must be taken to avoid wire bite.
The process of removing unwanted branches to shape the tree. In bonsai, branches are thinned while maintaining overall balance, encouraging fine ramification. Spring and autumn are the best times for most species.
The process of trimming roots and replanting in fresh soil, done every 1–3 years to relieve root-bound conditions and maintain vigor. Best done before spring budbreak, cutting back old roots to encourage new growth.
A volcanic clay soil from the Kanto loam layer, fundamental to bonsai soil mixes. Its granular structure provides an excellent balance of drainage, moisture retention, and aeration. Hard akadama is especially suited for bonsai.
The harmony between a bonsai tree and its pot. Selecting a pot that matches the tree's size, style, and species enhances its beauty. Unglazed pots suit conifers, while glazed pots complement deciduous trees.
A bonsai proverb meaning it takes three years to master proper watering. Adjusting watering to species, season, and soil dryness is considered the most fundamental and important skill in bonsai care.
A propagation method where a wound is made on the trunk or branch, wrapped in sphagnum moss to encourage root growth, and then separated. It allows creating new bonsai material with a thick trunk in a short time.
The visible surface roots spreading outward from the base of the trunk. A key element in bonsai aesthetics, with evenly distributed roots in all directions considered ideal. It contributes to the tree's sense of stability.